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Although, generally speaking, you can't used a ranged weapon-like spell in a CDG.
The reason you can use a melee weapon-like spell in a CDG is because you can hold the charge until your next round, and the perform the full-round action.
You can't hold the charge on most (if not all) ranged weapon-like spells.
I agree. My statement of course assumes that the attack with the weapon-like spell would meet all the other criteria as well (you can hold the charge, you're adjacent to the opponent, the works).
I haven't scoured my books looking for a ranged weapon-like spell that allows you to hold the charge, and I was keeping it open for feats/abilities that allow you to convert touch spells to ranged touch attacks and spells/feats/abilities that haven't yet been written, so I was avoiding making an absolute statement.
If you don't have a bow or crossbow you can't make a ranged CdG.
Technically, you can't make a ranged CDG at all. You can make a CDG with a ranged weapon if you're adjacent to the target and you have one of the weapons listed.
By my interpretation, you could make a CDG with any other weapon or weapon-like spell that is sufficiently similar to those listed, as long as you also fulfill the other criteria. Whether that is a house rule or a lenient interpretation fo the RAW is still under debate.