TwoSix
Everyone's literal second-favorite poster
It certainly can work. I mean, the entire play loop for casters in DCC RPG is based on the idea that every spell and spellcasting action is open to a ton of variation and randomness.I thinks if the chances of failure are reasonably low and if failure has interesting consequences (not all of which have to be negative), there's plenty of room to work here.
But on the flip side, you can have something like 3.5 Truenaming.
I feel like for most games, if you put randomness into the spellcasting action, the general result should be "Yes, but consequences" for a bad roll rather than "Spell doesn't work".