Lose a limb: Regeneration. If you have Eberron, replacement limbs.
"Regeneration" doesn't exist in my game, so...that's not relevant. Even if I did allow "replacement limbs," such things always come with their own weaknesses. That's still a permanent consequence. You've found something to
address it. That doesn't mean the issue is gone.
This is straight-up Oberoni Fallacy. Just because you can
patch over the problem, doesn't mean the problem isn't there!
Lose a kingdom: Take back the kingdom, if you really want it. You might get a who cares?
I'm sorry, what? Losing a kingdom is a devastating loss. It almost always results in massive deaths, and if the PCs are actually decent folks, the people taking over are almost certainly going to inflict terrible harm. You can't bring those dead people back. Stolen resources or national treasures, damaged land...these are things that can take
generations to restore.
The Trojans lost a kingdom. The story of that loss--and their centuries-long recovery--forms one of the
greatest epic cycles in Western literature. Are you really going to write off the
Iliad, Odyssey, and
Aeneid as a "who cares?" story? How about the
Mahabharata, or perhaps the
Shahnameh, or the
Romance of the Three Kingdoms? Stories where a kingdom is lost are quite often about the permanent scars that such losses leave behind on the people, the country, the land itself.
Losing a loved one: Happens all time. So what? Revenge? Been there done that.
I genuinely cannot understand how someone could become so jaded that losing the people they love is a routine occurrence, something to be shrugged off. If you actually
valued the lost person as a person, their loss is a permanent thing. As I quoted, IIRC earlier in this thread, "Your absence has gone through me/Like thread through a needle/Everything I do is stitched with its color."
Losing all prized items: Find new ones! Yeah! More adventures. Or find the thief and get them back.
Some items carry sentimental value. That cannot be replaced. Are you truly so jaded that this has no meaning to you?
And I could go on and on and on and on with every consequences. All but death are temporary. And at high level, even death might not be that permanent. This is why it is important that death be something, especially at low levels.
It enables the wall of remembrance. Let us remember those who fell before us so that we too shall not be forget. To the memories of unsung sacrifices and death! May we all be remembered!
You can have that without having
character death.
Remembrance does not require
character death. It requires losses that cannot be restored to what they were before--losses that leave a mark, even long after whatever recovery.
Again, you
have not actually SHOWN that character death is the only permanent loss. And you have been rather blithe about all the
other sorts of losses, and what permanent impact they can have.
You say I must have had bad experiences such that I cannot see the good in people. I hear what you say here and think the same thing--who
hurt you so much that you can shrug off such things so blithely? Who stole from you, not only the joy of these things, but also the pain of their loss?