2e clerics with spheres was as close as I can think...There is another axis for when magic users have a lot of power and are common but they only cast cast spells of a limited sphere. Long Magic? Low frequency magic.
An example would be the Avatar universe. Tons of benders but all but one bender has multiple elements and advanced bending is rare.
D&D on a whole is High Versatility as all casters except sorcerers have tons of different spells.
D&D never really attempted a setting with tons of narrow casters. Nentir Vale was the closest.
Imagine a class that got all the fire spells, but only the fire spells...and had class features to enhance useing fire.