In 1e, I use them, and in most cases (exception: Drow) players can play them.
Right now I've got 2 types of Human (Human, Barbarian), 4 playable types of Elves (equating to High, Wood, Fair, and Arctic; Drow are an unplayable 5th), 2 types of Dwarves (Hill and Mountain), and just one type each of Hobbit and Gnome as they're both so rare in my world anyway. Part-races always assume the "basic" type on each side, thus if you're Part-Elf you're a mix of normal Human and High Elf...I do this mostly to avoid having to stat out the horrific number of mixes that would otherwise exist!
Each subrace is mechanically different to the others in terms of racial stat adjusts, height-weight tables, deities allowable (some deities can affect mechanics relating to their Clerics), and classes allowed; in other words, the differences are more than just cultural.
If the only difference between "races" is culture, e.g. Greeks vs. Japanese, they do not get broken out as sub-races. In this example, both are Human; while Norse, Huns, etc. are Barbarian.
Lanefan