Well... not ALL differently. There are three types of strikers.
* Archers (archer-ranger, beastmaster-ranger, warlock, sorcerer) do as much damage as possible while standing as far away as possible from the target.
* Skirmishers (two-blade ranger, rogue) do as much damage as possible in melee by using flanks, shifts, and other movement to avoid reciprocal strikes.
* Tactical Nukes (barbarian, avenger) do as much damage as possible to a single target as quickly as possible.
Still, that's a lot more diversity than leaders or defenders have. Controllers (as I pointed out) don't seem to really fill a unique niche; they either act as defenders (stopping foes from attacking others), strikers (doing large damage) or leaders (granting allies bonuses to rolls), often at the same time.
Actually, there are three types of strikers, though you have it all wrong.
Archer Ranger is actually most effective at point blank range, ducking in and out of melee and trying to be as close as possible.
Beastmaster Ranger is a melee weapon using character
Warlocks are best even closer than Rangers, especially Fey and Infernal Warlocks who can pretend to be Defenders. Warlocks excel at being pests above all else.
Sorcerers do tend to stand back and fire, but don't have to. They are also unique among strikers in being able to nuke groups.
Skirmishers(Rogue, Ranger) don't avoid reciprocal strikes so much as they avoid being attacked by multiple enemies. They are perfectly capable of trading hits with one enemy. Rogues care about position and advantage, while the Ranger can just run up and trade hits if he wants.
Barbarians are chargers, who get to do chain attacks when they crit or kill things. It bears saying that Barbarians have almost no control over their nukes.
Avengers deal less damage in a single round than any other striker(calling Avengers high damage is something I haven't heard before), and are all about consistency and pretending to be a Defender
There are three basic types of controllers though:
1. High Damage/Low Control--Ranger, Barbarian
2. Medium Damage/Medium Control--Rogue, Sorcerer
3. Low Damage/High Control--Avenger, Warlock