Raven Crowking said:Characters enter a cavern 60 ft x 60 ft, with a number of 5-foot natural caverns coming out from all sides, ceiling height averages 20 feet. The tunnel that the PCs have come out of has many small side-tunnels.
As the PCs cross this tunnel, they are attacked by a horde of goblins. There are 60 goblins in total, 20 with short bows, 20 with short swords, and 20 with reach weapons (spears).
There is a simple example of an encounter that can both affect the PCs, and that the PCs can easily defeat without needing to rest.
Uhm...Polymorph (anything with high AC will do ) + Protection from non-magical arrows means the wizard will probably breeze through the encounter unscathed.
Conversely, if the goblin focus-fire one of the rogues, (+3 to hit, 1d6 damage) they'll hit his average 18 magic-less AC 30% of the time.
3.5x20x30%= 21 damage.
Assuming he has 14 con, that's about 90 HP he has. If 10 more attack him ( reach weapon ) he'll take another 5x10x25%= 12.5 damage.
He took 33.5 damage on average, and half the goblins didn't act yet.
Unless they clean the cave very quickly, one rogue may be dead in 3 rounds.
2 rounds, and he's severly wounded, to the point that if he enters combat again without resting, he'll hardly make it alive.
The encounter is trivial for the wizard ( in fact, if it weren't for the rest of the party he could probably clear the cave alone by virtue of his high AC and AB, or he could just resort to fireballing the crap out of the goblins ) yet it is significant and risky for 1 character.
And it awards 0 xp.
That's every rpg, then. In high magic settings, for example, you need to metagame to explain why the BBEG didn't just teleport into the PC's bedroom and kill him in his sleep. You need to metagame to explain why the 1st level PCs weren't encountering high-CR monsters early in their career, or why some dragon didn't swoop down and eat them. For that matter, if these PCs were destined to be heroes, why didn't some BBEG use divination magic to discover that earlier, and kill them as babies?
Well, maybe because using a divination spell everytime someone is born might be a little hard?

As for the rest, it depends. For example, because not all BBEG are spellcasters

Or because they took proper precautions?
To give you an idea, for example, in my old 2.5 campaign you'd hardly find high CR monsters around: my PCs generally avoided places that were known for being dangerous in the first place.
One of them, for example, was after his father's sword; he did some research and eventually found out where the sword was. He also discovered that the sword was held in a very dangerous place; he chose to go alone in a place where the average opponent was level 7. He was Level 3.
Obviously, he died.
However, he knew he'd probably die if he tried.
No metagaming on my part to keep him alive: I just made sure he'd know what he would have faced if he chose to go.
There is no such thing as a rpg in which metagaming doesn't play an important part (as authorial intent plays in important part in all stories, with players & DM together taking the part of "authors"). Metagaming is normal, and necessary. Saying otherwise is.....simply wrong. If you think you game without metagaming, you're fooling yourself.
RC
Oh, I know some level of metagaming is necessary; I just think that you ( and the party ) should do all you can to avoid it as much as possible.
Having to rely on metagaming to make a system work, though, means the system doesn't work, as I said.
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