Got confused, so I went back to your original post. Here's the premise I was looking at:That's how I'd look at it as well (because the to-hit roll missed). I'm specifically looking at narration of the events in the game world: How is what we've described in the game world not appropriate for damage on a miss?
My point is that you don't know - and can't say - what happened in the game world until you get the damage result. (Like your mention of how the orc in my example would have been decapitated if the damage exceeded his HP.) The PC misses, but still deals damage, so you can simply narrate that as any other attack that deals damage.
I'd argue that the independent reality of D&D melee is very abstract, so much so that "hit" and "miss" don't have any real meaning.
Then followed the confusing example of the head being cut off but not actually being cut off, let's just put that aside.
IME the target is the creature. You can't miss the intended target on a hit, because the target is always the creature, and a hit always hits the target, which is the creature. So you can't miss but still hit.I'd argue that, in any of these cases, you miss your intended target. However, since the to-hit roll indicates a hit, you still do damage. Since you can miss but still hit, the to-hit roll only determines whether or not you deal damage.
The player can declare intent to cut the neck off or whatever, but the target is always the creature.
So no matter what the player says, or what the character intends, then in my games from 3 editions, a "hit" has meaning. If you "hit", you hit the creature. If your hit kills the creature, then you found out that the player/character intent (ie beheading) leads to what actually happens.
This is completely natural too. In real life fights, you often intend to poke the eyes, jab to the kindey, punch to the jaw, whatever. You try to do it, and you find out soon enough if it success or fails. No fortune in the middle required there.
Anyway, that is my games, and many other people too. So in that case, hit and miss have a meaning. YMMV but I just have to show that it does have meaning in some people's games to show otherwise, no?