Vagaries of the equipment list aside, the TYPE of cleric you are will influence your proficiencies and gear selections.
A priest of a war god will be proficient in heavy armor and martial weapons. A priest of a healing god will not. There was even a (very old) playtest report from Mearls' twitter of a cleric gaining bow proficiency and stealth bonuses.
For the default
basic cleric, he'll only have one option, I believe (this could be untrue, but I think that was stated), and that'll likely be Light or Healing (or whatever they're called), both of which use Simple weapons.
Which means your main melee options are:
1) Spear (1d6p, can throw, versatile, 1gp)
2) Handaxe (1d6s, light, can throw, 5gp)
3) Quarterstaff (1d6b, versatile, 2sp)
Mace is a lesser option at 1d6b, 5gp.
Light Crossbow is best Simple ranged for non-multi-attackers - 1d8p, loading, two-handed, 80/320 range (Shortbow loses loading but goes down to 1d6p - better for multi-attackers).