Consider the all-important character Advancement table.
Here are four tiers: Novice, Hero, Master, and Immortal.
In medieval contexts, these are apprentice/page, journeyer/squire, master/knight, plus legendary.
In Basic D&D, these tiers might loosely associate with Basic, Expert, Master, and Immortal.
4e lacks Novice for a player character, and the tiers begins at Heroic, Paragon, and Epic.
The Hero tier here has in mind the archetypal heros journey.
Here, in the Novice tier, the zero levels are normally off-camera as part of a backstory, however are here for structure. The zero level feat represents a special race power, but for the human this is a choice of a feat. The zero-level Novice works fine for adolescent adventures, like Harry Potter or Tales from the Loop. I think of the lower half of the Novice tier as ages 12 to 15, and the upper half as ages 16 to 19. But these levels can represent various concepts, including NPC classes, especially because background is part of the lower half tier.
The upper half of the Novice tier begins at level 1, the Hero tier at 5, the Master at 13, and the Immortal at 21.
These tiers schedule according to the 5e Proficiency bonus for the sake of 5e math. Each tier advances by two boosts to the proficiency bonus. Thus each tier is strictly more competent than the previous tier.
Notice, if you add the Proficiency bonus with the optional Magic bonus (as treasure or as inherent), then together they equate the + ½ level bonus that 4e uses.
Each tier has its own class features with its own capstone. Even the Novice tier has a capstone at level 3. I have this in mind for character builds who want to make a three-level ‘dip’ to pick something good up from an other class.
I also think of each tier as its own 8-level prestige class with capstone ability. With the possibility of 3e-ish multiclassing.
Each ‘base class’ such as Fighter and Wizard, includes a class advancement for every tier. So it is possible to stick with one class from 1 to 20 and higher. Many gishy builds might start of as a full Fighter up to the level 3 capstone, then switch over to a different class for magic. Or viceversa.
The advancement table includes levels for feats to customize a character, and higher level race features for more powerful creature concepts.
The progression advances the skills for noncombat challenges. At level 0, skill features define the ‘livelihood’, or background. At level 8, skill encourages the player to think about becoming the leader of a group with a ‘lair’, (business, military post, taking on magical apprentices, and so on). At level 16, this might found a massive multinational or multiplanar institution, and ‘legendary layer’. At level 24, skill offers epic capabilities to become one with a concept − and a ‘domain’ that resonates the will of character.
ADVANCEMENT
[TABLE="class: Table"]
[TR]
[TD]
Tier
[/TD]
[TD]
Level
[/TD]
[TD]
Proficiency
Bonus[/TD]
[TD]
Magic
Bonus[/TD]
[TD]
Features[/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD][/TD]
[TD="align: right"][/TD]
[TD]
[/TD]
[TD]
[/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[TD] Race[/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]
NOVICE[/TD]
[TD="align: right"]0[/TD]
[TD]
[/TD]
[TD]
[/TD]
[TD] Talent[/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD][/TD]
[TD="align: right"]0[/TD]
[TD]
[/TD]
[TD]
[/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[TD] Feat[/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD][/TD]
[TD="align: right"]0[/TD]
[TD]
[/TD]
[TD]
[/TD]
[TD] Class[/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD][/TD]
[TD="align: right"]0[/TD]
[TD]
[/TD]
[TD]
[/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[TD] Skill[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD][/TD]
[TD]
[/TD]
[TD]
[/TD]
[TD]
[/TD]
[TD] Talent[/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD][/TD]
[TD]
[/TD]
[TD]
[/TD]
[TD]
[/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[TD] Feat[/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD][/TD]
[TD]
[/TD]
[TD]
[/TD]
[TD]
[/TD]
[TD] Capstone[/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD][/TD]
[TD]
[/TD]
[TD]
[/TD]
[TD]
[/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[TD] Race[/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]
HERO[/TD]
[TD]
[/TD]
[TD]
[/TD]
[TD]
[/TD]
[TD] Archetype[/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD][/TD]
[TD]
[/TD]
[TD]
[/TD]
[TD]
[/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[TD] Feat[/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD][/TD]
[TD]
[/TD]
[TD]
[/TD]
[TD]
[/TD]
[TD] Class[/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD][/TD]
[TD]
[/TD]
[TD]
[/TD]
[TD]
[/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[TD] Skill[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD][/TD]
[TD]
[/TD]
[TD]
[/TD]
[TD]
[/TD]
[TD] Archetype[/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD][/TD]
[TD]
[/TD]
[TD]
[/TD]
[TD]
[/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[TD] Feat[/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD][/TD]
[TD]
[/TD]
[TD]
[/TD]
[TD]
[/TD]
[TD] Capstone[/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD][/TD]
[TD]
[/TD]
[TD]
[/TD]
[TD]
[/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[TD] Race
[/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]
MASTER[/TD]
[TD]
[/TD]
[TD]
[/TD]
[TD]
[/TD]
[TD] Mastery[/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD][/TD]
[TD]
[/TD]
[TD]
[/TD]
[TD]
[/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[TD] Feat[/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD][/TD]
[TD]
[/TD]
[TD]
[/TD]
[TD]
[/TD]
[TD] Class[/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD][/TD]
[TD]
[/TD]
[TD]
[/TD]
[TD]
[/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[TD] Skill[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD][/TD]
[TD]
[/TD]
[TD]
[/TD]
[TD]
[/TD]
[TD] Mastery[/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD][/TD]
[TD]
[/TD]
[TD]
[/TD]
[TD]
[/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[TD] Feat[/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD][/TD]
[TD]
[/TD]
[TD]
[/TD]
[TD]
[/TD]
[TD] Capstone[/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD][/TD]
[TD]
[/TD]
[TD]
[/TD]
[TD]
[/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[TD] Race[/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]
IMMORTAL
[/TD]
[TD]
[/TD]
[TD]
[/TD]
[TD]
[/TD]
[TD]Immortality
[/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD][/TD]
[TD]
[/TD]
[TD]
[/TD]
[TD]
[/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[TD] Feat[/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD][/TD]
[TD]
[/TD]
[TD]
[/TD]
[TD]
[/TD]
[TD] Class[/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD][/TD]
[TD]
[/TD]
[TD]
[/TD]
[TD]
[/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[TD] Skill[/TD]
[/TR]
[/TABLE]