I brought this up in the other thread because I feel it a better thing to debate about alignment, especially the LG alignment than Orc babies.
Yes, please. LG + orc babies is the most toxic trope situation ever. It's interesting to first year DMs and philosophy students, but has no place in an actual game.
What would a character do if they caught a poor street kid stealing food from a merchant in the city? The child is obviously quite poor impoverished and in poor health, so they are likely stealing to survive or to feed their family. The city most certainly has laws that could be harsh for the child now that they are caught, in that it could either be imprisonment or the child loses a hand. What would your character do in this situation now that they caught this little thief?
I think the answer is very obvious for what a NG or CG character would do, in that they'd at least let the child go. But for LG characters this might be more of an internal conflict to them.
The law, in its majestic equality, forbids rich and poor alike to sleep under bridges, to beg in the streets, and to steal their bread. -- Anatole France
Stealing food required for survival of oneself or one's immediate family, assuming the stolen food is not necessary for the survival of it's former owner (i.e., they can afford to have the food stolen and not themselves starve or suffer greatly) and assuming that the thief is unable to afford food (through money, barter or other fair compensation) then it is a neutral action. It's neither good nor evil, neither lawful nor chaotic.
In a lawful sense, it's a society's job to provide food for everyone, often by providing a means for someone to earn a living. Should the law fail to do that, then the law is unjust because that law does not serve society or civilization at all. That's because of the very obvious fact that someone who is dead or unable to work cannot possibly contribute to society. It's intentionally creating a burden for society. Punishing someone for breaking an unjust law is almost certainly an evil action, even if it's the letter of the law. It may even be chaotic in an absolute sense because it supports a law that directly undermines the stability of society and purpose of civilization. Starving populations tend to revolt, and even LE authorities don't want that. Darth Vader's empire needs ditch diggers, too, as it were. The only way it can be lawful is when the law is based in prejudice or discrimination, which is to say, when the law is virtually or actually genocidal. That's just an evil corruption and abuse of law; it's not actually lawful at all. It's
lawful-in-name-only.
Remember, the law itself doesn't define what is lawful. It's the focus on what best accomplishes the needs and requirements of civilization and society. A LE society will likely be incredibly selfish or unequal about it, but it's still going to be focused on the survival of the civilization or state. If it begins to subvert that it shifts to NE. [Or, in theory, NG if the law instead required altruism which subverted the needs and requirements of civilization or society.]
As far as a LG character, there are even those who have said that it is a
duty to break an unjust law to highlight the injustice, such as Martin Luther King in his Letter from Birmingham Jail:
The answer lies in the fact that there are two types of laws: just and unjust. I would be the first to advocate obeying just laws. One has not only a legal but a moral responsibility to obey just laws. Conversely, one has a moral responsibility to disobey unjust laws. I would agree with St. Augustine that "an unjust law is no law at all." [...] I submit that an individual who breaks a law that conscience tells him is unjust, and who willingly accepts the penalty of imprisonment in order to arouse the conscience of the community over its injustice, is in reality expressing the highest respect for law.
The LG Paladin, then, may find that the best way to oppose an unjust law enforcement would be civil disobedience: The Paladin would donate all their wealth to providing food, then if that did not satisfy the needs of those who were suffering, the Paladin would go and openly steal food. Ideally
with the aid or blessing of the merchants. Openly challenge the injustice of the law. Openly bring the power of your god and your church into opposition with the law. Get the agreement of the merchants, contact law enforcement that you plan to steal food on a given date and time, and then show up and take the food without violence and do not pay for it. Civil disobedience does generally require assumptions about the rule of law, however, so may not be appropriate for all settings. Namely, non-lawful ones. It will probably not work at all in a chaotic society, and a Paladin would probably know that going into it and would likely choose a different route. Civil disobedience in many CN, NE, or CE societies is just going to be spitting into the wind.
Unfortunately, civil disobedience generally will often
not make for a compelling D&D adventure, since civil disobedience generally results in criminal punishments which can be quite severe in most D&D settings (not the least of which because everyone is fictional). That's often not going to be fun to roleplay out for the entire table, so I would probably discourage my players from taking that route. If the Paladin is in jail for the next three months of in-game time, it doesn't really help the progress of the rest of the party's story if they want to explore dungeons, kill monsters, and loot treasure. Discretion should be the better part of righteousness because each PC's story still needs to function within the needs of the players at the entire table; the game is first and foremost cooperative like that. If that's what a PC really wants to do, it's fair to tell the player that doing so will probably make their PC an NPC. One PC shouldn't co-opt the entire campaign.