Helldritch
Hero
1) In example #1. Bob is not fine and well. He is down to zero and dying. Read Saelorn, read. He will need assistance and someone to stabilize him.If he was hurt and bleeding, then he wouldn't be good as new after taking a nap. If there was nothing physically wrong with him whatsoever, then he wouldn't fall unconscious and potentially bleed to death from taking a single point of "real" damage.
There is no possible state for Bob to be in that supports his being perfectly fine after taking a nap, while also being an inch away from death. Your position is untenable.
To say nothing of that fact that you're trying to model the narrative and theological effects of an attack, while completely neglecting the physical reality where it's taking place. If you're firing an arrow at someone, and the possibility of it actually hitting them isn't even on the table, then something has gone catastrophically wrong with your model.
2) In the other example. Everything is fine. Hp are going down. But no actual real debilitating harm is done. That is why an overnight nap will restore HP (using HD in my case, or magic). HP are plot armor, experience and yaddi yadda.
2b) Yes the arrow did hit but did no real damage. The armor saved the day, be it the plot armor or the armor itself or the gods' favor or just an instinctive reaction from Bob who shifted just enough so that the angle the arrow hit was just a graze. That is what HP represent. Unless you go down, no permanent or debilitating bodily harm is done. You're just tired, bruised and battered but otherwise fine. Only if you fall down to zero will you be actually injured.
And this is at the zero that the trouble start. There are no consequences to fall to zero. A lucky death save of 20 and hey! You're at 1hp with full capacity. A level of exhaustion should be given. But that is not in the rule.
Again. HP are not meat point. There are other systems that do that and they're not that popular either. But do as you want.