Alchemist fire? Acid? Holy Water? I once played in a game with a gnome 'grenadier'. Throwing axes? I love throwing axes, you can dual wield them in melee combat AND throw them.
Or are you looking for more range? If you are I wouldn't suggest darts or throwning daggers.
Javelins and spears are great thrown weapons. d6 and d8 respectively, plus you add strength. There short range again though.
What about a net? A fighter with a good strenth score could easily net someone and win opposed strength checks to keep it from running away. Then poke it.
There are a plethora of other real bows other than the proverbial 'short' and 'long' bows in this world. Reflex bows, horn bows, recurve bows, half bow, compound bow, natural bow, straight bow.
So if you wanted to talk to your DM about maybe either taking the bowmaking craft and crafting some of these variets, or pruchase them, they could add different effects.
Take the half bow for example. The half bow is of oriental design. It is very small, but in tight situations it is very helpful. So, maybe I half-bow would allow a user to fire it with out an AoO while in melee combat.
Stuff like that.