javcs said:
A properly build dwarf tank will absorb more than the 2h-PAer can dish out, while doing almost as much damage in return.
Mathematically, this is just totally inaccurate.
If you create a Dwarf Tank with Two Handed weapon, they should have the same Dex, Con +2 advantage Dwarf, and Str +2 advantage Half-Orc.
So same AC, Half-Orc has +1 to hit +2 damage. If the Half-Orc power attacks for one, he does 3 or 4 points of damage more per successful hit.
This means that every successful hit takes out 3 or 4 levels of the Dwarf's Con bonus.
For example, the Half-Orc with 20 Str and 14 Con, Dwarf with 18 Str and 16 Con. The Half-Orc will be doing 2D6 + 9 damage (PA for 1 to get the same chance to hit) whereas the Dwarf will be doing 2D6 + 6 damage. The Half-Orc Barbarian has 14 hit points, the Dwarf does 13 hits of damage. The Dwarf Barbarian has 15 hit points, the Half-Orc does 16 damage. The Half-Orc is injured, the Dwarf is unconscious.
If you create a Dwarf Tank with Sword and Board, they should have the same Dex, Con +2 advantage Dwarf, and Str +2 advantage Half-Orc.
At low level, the Dwarf has +2 AC because of the large shield, but the Half-Orc is +1 to hit. This equates to a 5% difference.
So, if the Half-Orc has a 25% chance of hitting the Dwarf, the Dwarf has a 30% chance of hitting the Half-Orc.
However, the Half-Orc will be doing 2D6 + 1.5 Str damage whereas the Dwarf will be doing D8 + (Str-1) damage. If the Half-Orc has a Strength of 18, the Dwarf has a Str of 16. 25% * 13 points of damage is 4.25 average for the Half-Orc versus 30% * 7.5 = 2.25 damage for the Dwarf. The Half-Orc nearly doubles the average damage output.
As levels get higher, the damage output by the Half-Orc still exceeds that of the Dwarf.
Say, 11th level. Dwarf Fighter has AC 25 with +1 Dex, +2 Longsword, +2 Full Plate, and +2 Large Shield.
Half-Orc Fighter has AC 21 with +1 Dex, +2 Greatsword and +2 Full Plate.
Str 26 Con 18 Half-Orc (+4 Belt and +2 Amulet), Str 24 Con 20 Dwarf (same magic items)
Both have Weapon Focus and Weapon Specialization. Hit points Half-Orc 109, Dwarf 120.
Full round attack, the Sword and Board Dwarf averages:
(95% * D8+11) + (80% * D8+11) + (55% * D8+11) = 35.65
The Half-Orc averages:
(90% * 2D6+16) + (65% * 2D6+16) + (40% * 2D6+16) = 44.85
3 Full Round attacks, the Half-Orc is still standing, the Dwarf is dead (not even unconscious on average).
Even if the Dwarf modifies his to hit with Power Attack to match the to hit chance of the Half-Orc, it becomes:
(90% * D8+14) + (65% * D8+14) + (40% * D8+14) = 36.075
As an offensive melee combatant, the Dwarf just does not match up to the two handed weapon Half-Orc.
As a defensive melee combatant (both hit points and saves versus spells), the Dwarf is better.
Pros and Cons. But in offensive two handed weapon melee, no core race beats the Half-Orc. And, that is why the race is balanced. It spikes over all other races for a specific role of character, but it is generally less favorable in most other roles.
One has to understand the mathematical advantage of Strength, Two Handed Weapons, and Power Attack to get how really advantageous +2 Strength actually is in the game.