In B/X, the reaction is done before the PCs can react.
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Either way, the point stands. "Back in the day" absolutely did have rules for interactions and "persuasion" checks. It's not a new thing. And no edition allows PCs to "override reality and let the PC do whatever they want" by an ability check.
I don't see that B/X system as a general persuasion check, the part you are referring to is to set a starting attitude for monsters randomly encountered that the DM does not want to figure out themself based on context. The DM is left to take it from there.
B24:
MONSTER ACTIONS: Some monsters always act in the same way (such as zombies, who always attack). However, the reactions of most monsters are not always the same. The DM can always choose the monster's reactions to fit the dungeon, but if he decides not to do this, a DM may use the reaction table below to determine the monster's reactions (roll 2d6).
Monster Reactions
Dice Roll
2
3-5
6-8
9-11
12
Reaction
Immediate Attack
Hostile, possible attack
Uncertain, monster confused
No attack, monster leaves or considers offers
Enthusiastic friendship
This monster reaction was adjusted by Charisma modifiers but it only set the starting point for the monster, not whether the party can mechanically then persuade anyone to do anything.
It was also not spelled out how to apply charisma modifiers upon first meeting a group of creatures, as the party can have members with different modifiers. Depending on context it might make sense for there to be a face point man or for everybody's modifiers to be applied.
The closest to persuasion is a specific system for the specific situation of whether a prospective retainer accepts an offer of employment from a PC where a charisma modifier (along with a few other consideration) can modify the 50/50 chance of acceptance or rejection on a 2d6 chart.
REACTIONS: Once a rate of pay is offered the DM must roll 2d6 and consult the Retainer Reaction table to see if the offer is accepted, refused, or if more negotiation is necessary. The DM may want to adjust the reaction roll by + 1 or +2 for very good offers or by -1 or -2 for poor offers or if the PC has a bad reputation.
Retainer Reactions
Dice Roll
2
3-5
6-8
9-11
12
Reaction
Offer refused;-1R*
Offer refused
Roll again
Offer accepted
Offer accepted; +1MT!
*The DM should roll for each retainer found. If a 2 is rolled, reactions to that character of other retainers in the same area will be adjusted by -1. If the character attempts to hire retainers in some other town, reactions will be determined normally.
!The retainer is so friendly that his or her normal morale (an optional rule; see page B27) will be adjusted by + 1.
The only other reaction mechanics are for whether a monster will pursue a party.
EVASION: Sometimes one side wishes to evade (avoid) an encounter. If the evading side has a faster movement rate than the other and combat has not yet begun, evasion is automatic as long as the evading side is not forced to stop. If monsters wish to evade and are slower, the characters must decide among themselves whether or not to chase them. If characters wish to evade and are slower than the monsters, the DM must decide what the monsters will do. Use the Monster Reactions table to find the actions of the monsters. A low score means that the monsters will pursue, and a high score means that the monsters will let the party escape.