Maybe the wizard isn't just isn't for you. If the grass is always greener in another patch when you are playing the wizard, don't play the wizardsimple as that.
If you feel like you need to do more damage, don't take abjuration, take evocation, or play a sorcerer or a warlock and hex.
It seems like, based on what I've seen of your party composition, the wizard DOESN'T have a strong niche. You have a bard, an arcane trickster, and a ranger(and perhaps more).Charming, utility, and ranged damaged are all well covered.
Compare to my group - barbarian with pole arm, grappler monk, Halfling rogue assassin, and soon to be cleric/paladin/Druid type. Little ranged, light utility, no charming. Wizard is gangbusters in this sort of group, because he's the best at 10 things. Your group already has the wizard covered in 3 other classes...no wonder you are feeling a little lacking... Everyone else can do part of your thing and then gets something else.
I do agree that this is probably the case.
However, I also think that at higher levels, my wizard will shine more being the only PC who can cast Fly or Fireball or whatever. It's just a very long walk to the days of contribution. Much longer than when my first level wizard in 3E could cast Color Spray and actually take out a bunch of foes. He could cast Charm without the knowledge of the city guards looking for him because he charmed one of them.
The spells really are nerfed in 5E. One round effects, like in 4E, are the rule instead of the exception. It's not just party composition. And contributing in 5E is nowhere near contributing in 4E (but I do tend to avoid 4E in this conversation because I consider it to be a D&D anomaly).
Even at third level in 5E, my wizard could cast Web and nobody else could. He managed to cast it once where it did not instantly collapse the next round due to a smaller 5E area and no anchoring points. Helpful, but not really a lot of chances to shine, especially considering that about half of the foes have gotten out of the 5E Web on the first round.