I think there's a miscommunication here.
Toras said: "But I have come to the conclusion that my greatest problem with 4e and one that might indeed be fixed when June comes round and I find myself thumbing through the new book... It is a problem of How and Why, from an IC perspective. What are Healing Surges and why do only I have them? How do they work?"
In other words, in character, what happens when the metagame-event of "healing surge" is triggered? What is going on? How does it work?
Out of character, metagame, the answer is that the PC recovers one-quarter of his hit points, which he can do X times per day. That's simple enough. But what's going on in character, from a game-world perspective, is not as clear. From the character's point of view, what just happened? Did his wounds magically close? Is he still wounded, but no longer affected by his injuries? Was he even wounded in the first place?
Unless I am very much mistaken (Toras, correct me if I'm wrong), these are the questions to which Toras was seeking answers.