Devils will do it on occasion if they think it will be of benefit to themselves and that they can get away with it. This is because their Lawfulness is tainted by Evil (unlike the modrons), though a devil that tries to work their way up the hierarchy based on treachery alone will likely find themselves overwhelmed when it comes to actually being able to meet soul quotas, lead troops in the Blood War, and other duties. All devils ultimately answer to Asmodeus and are subservient to him, so they can't just bully other devils into submission like a demon would; they have to be able to do their jobs or be demoted.
Meanwhile, demons frequently fight amongst one another unless forced by a more powerful demon to cooperate under threat of destruction, and even then there are lots of demon lords and would-be demon lords warring against one another. If Demogorgon, Graz'zt, Orcus, Yeenoghu, Baphomet, Zuggtmoy, Juiblex, Fraz-Urb'luu, Kostchtchie, Malcanthet, Dagon, Pazuzu, Oublivae, Ugudenk, and the many other demon lords actually worked together they'd probably be able to defeat the devils and the Nine Hells relatively quickly with the sheer size of the Abyss' hordes. The thing is that they'll never work together (or if some did, it won't be long), because each is too covetous of being the greatest of demon kind to compromise. It'd be more likely for an outsider to learn the true names of a large number of demon lords and force them to work together than for them to do it on their own.
There are those among the archdevils who wish to take Asmodeus' place, but they're still willing to play their role in the system while Asmodeus is at the top because it is through the system that they gain and maintain the power that Asmodeus sees fit to grant. Meanwhile, the demon lords would be loath to fall in line under Demogorgon or any other leader both because they do not personally benefit from the authority and power of a leader the way that all devils in existence benefit from Asmodeus and because it would be against their nature to suppress their individual desires and serve.