Intellect devourers, obviously. And grey oozes. But the party has never encountered the former, and only rarely for the latter.
So, of the commonly encountered low-level monsters...?
Hobgoblins. They have decent AC, just enough HP to make it difficult to kill them at low levels, and they hit like a truck thanks to +2d6 for martial advantage.
In my group's first encounter with hobgoblins, their Level 2 / AC 16 / 23 HP barbarian raged and charged into four of them. He failed to hit, and was unlucky to be hit 3-out-of-4 times in response. One of those was a crit. So, we're talking 4d8+8d6+3 damage. He took over 50 points, halved due to rage. Still enough to drop him. The 17 HP cleric, 15 HP rogue and 11 HP wizard promptly requested a time-out while they switched to their brown trousers.
It doesn't help that I play hobgoblins as smart (optimal tactical choices), and they're the prevalent humanoid race in my home-brew. Also, they often work in concert with goblins, wolves and wizard/shaman support. If one of their allies can trip a PC or otherwise grant combat advantage to the hobgoblins, it helps to counteract the relatively low hobgoblin +3 attack bonus. At 12 damage per hit, and 24 on the crit, nobody likes facing them in numbers.
Hobgoblins are absolute priority targets for my players, even if there are bugbears or ogres on the field. They've accounted for eight dead PCs since we started playing 5e (only dragons, as a species, have accounted for more lost characters in my two gaming groups).