You could always go for more generic cultures and civilisation, like how the game 'Tapestry' doesn't have real life civilization but only generically themed ones: Militant, Isolationist, Nomad, Historian, Entertainer, Builders, Futurists, Inventor, Merrymaker, Traders, Mystics, The Chosen, Leaders, Alchemist, etc.
I think it would be possible to provide civilization building blocks... like to make a civilization or culture you first start with an environment (mountain stronghold, forest town, port city, desert oasis, farming village, etc) and then something we can call a 'virtue', like what the culture uses as the most important measure of success. You could have militant culture who value strength of arm, culture who value self-suficiency and grit, cultures who value religious devotion, other the accumulation of knowledge, mercantile acumen, crafting ability, magical talent, and so forth.
Smush them together, pick 1 main language and 3 secondary language from which characters can choose from and VOILA! You have your civilization with the benefits they give!
For exemple, you can say you come from a theocratic kingdom built around a desert oasis. You get +2 CON, because you are used to the desert heat, +1 INT because it's important to recall the tenet of the Faith, you gain proficiency in Religion (obviously) and Animal Handling (to ride Camels), you learn Common and you can pick between an equivalent to ancient latin, a language related to djinn and the draconic spoken by that one clan of nomadic Dragonborn that always come by the city.
Throw in the speed, vision and maybe a single physical ability from race (say that you're a Dwarf so you get the iron stomach of the race) and you got a solid replacement for race.
Throw in a background to represent your previous career (let's say, Soldier) and you can start picking your class.