I have no problem with saying that a character of superior skill can overcome a deficiency in physical attributes. And D&D does place level-based bonuses as being greater than abilities and static modifiers for size and the like.
To me, that 14 WIS, 16 CHA half orc Barbarian we fleshed out a few pages back has a lot more to overcome (based on what that leaves to invest in other stats) than a 14 STR 19 DEX Halfling warrior, as far as being a great combatant (not necessarily great melee combatant, although we're getting a lot closer).
The conceit of a level in class X being the same as one in class Y is relatively new. After all, there used to be different XP requirements, making it pretty clear that a level in wizard was worth more than a level in thief. And I'm not aware of any edition that defines levels as a measure of overall ability, though it seems to be implied in some cases.
The concept of a level is a level is a level comes with the removal of variable xp costs. The concept that 1,000 xo, 10,000 xp and 100,000 xp characters would be comparable dates back further. The fact that Thieves needed less xp to gain a level always implied, at least to our groups, that thieves gained less from that level. This is also where Multiclassing has issues in the 3e model - going from 7th to 8th level Fighter or Wizard costs a lot more xp than advancing from 1st to second, but going from L7?/L1 W to L2 W costs more xp as going from L7? to L8? (including L7 W to L8 W) - why? Is it the right result?
I see nothing subtle about it. If the player picks a wizard, he probably expects that with enough training he can do things like change shapes or summon demon lords or grant wishes. If a player plays a barbarian, he probably expects to be an invincible and intimidating combat machine with a connection to the natural world. If a player plays a bard, he probably expects to be a great storyteller and a celebrity.
Looks like they all expect to do great things in the game, and since they all showed up as PC's, to get there by adventuring. If bards are poorer adventurers, then they have less of a shot at doing great things. I think they should all be capable of achieving great things. Why don't the wizard and barbarian also expect to be celebrities in their fields?
Who says it's a penalty? I distinctly recall, for example, that when I was a child, I would ask my father, a nurse, when he was going to get promoted to doctor. Obviously, this never happened. They're separate professions. An experienced nurse often has capabilities in excess of an inexperienced physician, and may even have some unique skills that the physician will never acquire. That said, if we were representing them as classes for an rpg, the doctor class would definitely have more powers than the nurse. And there's absolutely nothing wrong with that. Both of them have value.
Ever hear the phrase "equal pay for work of equal value"? If we reflected them as classes for an RPG, and if they each needed the same xp to gain a level, I would definitely expect them to be of equivalent competence and utility at the same level. If either one is much more experienced, I would expect that one to be much more useful than the other. And if I could not justify that - if I felt the doctor would always be clearly better than the nurse at every level - then the Nurse would be an NPC class for precisely that reason. If I view a Bard as being a "poorer choice", it would also be an NPC class.
The same is true in any number of contexts, Aragorn is never going to be as good as Gandalf no matter how hard he works
Which one is a better archer? Which one, had more influence on the events in play and which one was an NPC intended to advance the plot as needed, but not to directly accomplish the goals of the campaign? JRR and his Mary Sue NPCs... In an Ars Magica game, I would expect wizards to rule the roost. In a D&D game, where we do not focus on wizards, I do not consider it desirable that the wizard be more powerful.
, nor is Merry ever going to be as good as Aragorn.
Ignoring which is a PC and which an NPC, and respective levels, who was better at hiding and gathering information stealthily? Would Aragorn have been able to rally the Hobbits back at the Shire? Again, different strengths and weaknesses with overall balance is my objective.
Counselor Troi is never going to match up with Captain Picard.
Does the Captain have the ability to sense emotions? Again, is her role best suited, in a specific game, to a PC or NPC? If the former, she should be equivalent in utility. If the latter, she can have an NPC class and be relegated to a secondary role. And, on the show, I would suggest she held a secondary role. I can't remember much in the way of great adventure arcs focusing on that character.
Jim Gordon is never going to be Batman.
Again, I'd call him a clear NPC. In Hero Games parlance, a Contact, maybe a Follower, perhaps a Dependent NPC. NOT a PC, not by a long shot.
I don't know anything about these particular experiences, but I know that in my experiences with those systems, there have been plenty of times where a character seemed unbalanced, but we later discovered some clause written in the rules that clearly addressed the issue. I have a close to encyclopedic knowledge of 3e, and I miss things. I'm more inclined to believe that faults lie with people rather than rules (which again, I include myself in).
To me, your comments above imply that the 3e rules were balanced, and the perception of imbalance arose because something in the rules was missed. However, the rest of your discussion (especially the "class" issue which I just snipped...) indicates the game is unbalanced, this is deliberate and it is appropriate. Colour me confused!
I don't know what this "balanced" game would look like, but I doubt I'd play it. I don't see how it's easier to start from an unnatural perspective designed to serve one metagame agenda, and build the roleplaying and the game parts back in.
I don't believe the three are incompatible. If anything, "Role Playing" (such an action would be dishonourable - if we stoop to their level we have already lost) and "Game" (Torch to the Groin gets the best bonus) are the aspects that most often come into conflict. "Balance" neither supports nor discourages "Role Playing". "Game" suggests everyone has an equal chance to "win"/succeed, which suggests equity, fairness and balance.