Speaking in terms of the class' D&D legacy, 1E rangers had spells (both druid and magic-user!), but the closest they got to favored enemy was a hard damage bonus against "bugbears, ettins, giants, gnolls, goblins, hobgoblins, kobolds, ogres, ogre magi, orcs, and trolls."
Yes. I am well aware of the 1e's ranger. And 2e's. Being better against
all "giant [goblinoid] class humanoids", I would say, are a pretty darn specific "favored enemies" in all but name.
Speaking in terms of the character archetype outside of D&D,
Which, thankfully, we don't have to since we are discussing 5e D&D. "Because X does Y in Z book/movie/tv show/comic book" does not mean a damned thing for what D&D "should/has to" be striving to allow/emulate.
Speaking in terms of game design, a ranger with FE doesn't hold his own against a fighter.
Sure they can. If you are using a ranged weapon with a decent Dex. or a melee weapon with a decent Str...your prof. bonus is
the same as the fighter's.
The fighter and ranger both get various mod's dependent on Fighting Style. That's a character option/choice. It doesn't make the whole class "better/worse" than the other. The fighter and ranger both have class features that dole out situational mod's for different occurrences within battle, different actions, etc... None of those are "better/worse" they are just player options/choices to use.
The only reason you wouldn't be doing as well as a fighter against non-FE foes would be the dice roll.
A fighter's got abilities that can increase her damage output no matter what kind of enemy she's fighting.
Right. Yes. Cuz she's a fighter.
If a ranger does more damage against certain foes, but less damage against everybody else, that's a spotlighting problem: the character is going to be in the spotlight for an entire encounter or even adventure, then out of the spotlight for several other adventures. 4E and 5E deemphasizing this element of the ranger's identity was a major step forward for the class, and I can't get behind a rewrite that reverses that.
Fair enough. But I think "spotlight problem" is a...skewed...perception of the game and not something classes can be "designed" for. It is [if such a thing actually exists] a player issue, not a problem of the design or that a class will fix.
As my write-up works, the ranger is constantly adding to their enemies as opposed to simply increasing damage against a single target...which was the FE problem, in fact if not name, going back to 1e with the ever-increasing "+'s" to hit and damage against "these particular guys."
I propose you start with 1 monster type or 2 humanoids. At 4th you get any 1 creature (not type). At 7th you get another (2 if you're a Slayer).
At 10th level, you have either 1 whole category of creatures + 3(4 if slayer) individual creatures
or 2 humanoids + 3(4) other creatures. And all of the added creatures are ones that you have encountered/do encounter. You should have a pretty good spread of being/using your "more effective than usual" a good portion of the time...for any DM who's paying attention.
Fast forward to 20th level, you'll have 1 creature type or 2 humanoids + 6 other creatures (8 if you're a slayer). You should be able to get extra/be at your best most, if not all, of the time.
Maybe, instead of the creature type or 2 humanoid thing (which was straight out of the ranger's Favored Enemy entry in the PHB), I could make it monster type or one of the Colossus/Horde/Giant-type things from the Hunter's entry...if 2 humanoids is too limiting...maybe could work.