Howdy Phatt,
I sure hope you are able to get whatever books that you want soon...and I hope that you find a group to game with!
Whoever told you that about races did not give you correct information. So, apart from ability score bonuses being moved from race to background, races/species function the same. As we saw in Mordenkainen Presents: Monsters of the Multiverse, there has been a move away from what might be called cultural race features like skills or proficiencies to straight-up species features. The text is also stripped of a lot of flavor and sample names. My hope is that flavor will return -- hopefully even amplified -- in future setting books, as I love that stuff. Naming charts are in the DMG but are not organized by species.
Rather than a table for age ranges for each race, longevity is ballparked for most of the species if it is close to human longevity. If it is significantly different -- like for gnomes, dwarves, elves, etc. -- that is mentioned in the text. All species except goliaths now have a speed of 30 ft. Goliaths have a speed of 35. More size range is given for various species. For example, humans or tieflings can now be Medium or Small.
Good luck! I am going to be taking a short trip to Canada in two weeks.