"I cannot accept your canon that we are to judge Pope and King unlike other men, with a favourable presumption that they did no wrong. If there is any presumption it is the other way against holders of power, increasing as the power increases. Historic responsibility has to make up for the want of legal responsibility. Power tends to corrupt and absolute power corrupts absolutely. [...] There is no worse heresy than that the office sanctifies the holder of it."
Lord Acton, to Bishop Holden
So Lord Acton’s famous dictum:
“Power tends to corrupt, and absolute power corrupts absolutely.” is a powerful quote but it's being misapplied in the context of tabletop RPGs and the role of the referee.
Authority can be abused. But we are discussing a form of small group interactions, the authority of a referee isn’t absolute, it’s contingent, provisional, and held in trust. It isn’t about power but about responsibility.
There are better frameworks than assuming suspicion as the default:
From J.R.R. Tolkien (a man who knew a thing or two about power and myth) wrote:
“The most improper job of any man, even saints... is bossing other men. Not one in a million is fit for it... But someone has to do it.”
Letter to Christopher Tolkien, 1943
Tolkien understood that leadership is dangerous but necessary. The point isn’t to strip the referee of structure but to expect them to approach it with humility.
Elinor Ostrom, Nobel laureate for her work on self-governing systems, reminds us:
“There is no reason to believe that bureaucrats and politicians... are better at solving problems than the people on the spot.”
Source
RPG tables are not monarchies. They’re peer-driven communities. Authority is earned through behavior, not fiat.
And finally, Hannah Arendt put it plainly:
“The most radical revolutionary will become a conservative the day after the revolution.”
Source
It’s easy to rail against authority until you’re the one responsible for the adjudication, maintaining consistency, and steering the game. Good referees know this isn’t power to wield, but a role to fill and held in trust.
Authority isn’t the enemy. Abuse of authority is. The answer isn’t to reject the referee’s role; it’s to foster accountability, humility, and group cohesion. What needed is cooperation, structure, and people who act in good faith.
Referees are not tyrants-in-waiting. They are folks getting together with their friends to have fun in the time they have for a hobby.