Then how do you describe what happens during a minute-long AD&D combat round? More importantly, how does it relate, or not relate, to the players stated actions? How much of the DM's descriptions amount to after-the-fact narration?
In my experience, we never described what happened in the combat round. It usually went like this:
"I hit AC 3."
"That hits."
"8 damage."
This is, to me, the same problem that 4E has, though it's a little different. Both versions allow you to consider only the mechanics without engaging the fluff at all.
(4E has great rules (in my opinion) on how to adjudicate "unexpected" actions, but the powers create "power blindness" and those unexpected actions aren't often attempted. Earlier versions, in my personal experience, weren't as easy to adjudicate on the fly, but stunts were attempted more often (though again, in my personal experience, never really amounted to much).)
Palladium Fantasy springs to mind here, where you make rolls for each attack and parry, using slightly different mechanics for different actions (sword blow, punch, kick, rolling with the blow, parrying, dodging, etc.). It's a rule-first thing but the rules are grainy enough to capture a lot of the fiction. Playing that game I can see each sword blow, the sparks flying as two swords meet, armour absorbing the blow and links of chain cut off, etc.
There were times when the rules relating to that one-minute combat round bothered me.
I specifically recall one (awesome) fight where our level 4 or 5 guys were assaulting a ruined fort full of bandits. We crept into a tower and used Hold Portal on the door to keep the bad guys out, then launched an attack from the tower onto the bad guys below.
One of the leaders (a human fighter) had Boots of Striding and Springing, so he was able to jump up on top of the tower. I was playing a Cleric, so I was able to nail him with a Hold Person.
When our fighter attacked him, we expected a one-shot kill (our experiences playing AD&D were heavily flavoured by Pool of Radiance). The DM ruled against this, which seemed to make no sense. A guy held immobilized for a whole minute, and you couldn't just slit his throat? Nope, not according to the rules.
We accepted it and moved on, though we thought it was dumb.