No. It isn't a feat tax. It's a use of a feat. Classes change between editions - and fighters are no exception.
Granted, I can think of a few weapons removed in 3e (clerics lost warhammers, while rogue lost longsword) but I can't for the life of me really come up with mechanical reason why the "master of weapons and armor" can't wear all armor.
No. No they aren't. They haven't been that way for almost three years - Martial Power 2.
Ah yeah, Splatbooks. Selling us options we had in the PHB just an edition ago...
But I'm going to ask you a question I'd really like an answer to. You do not want to use a bow. You do not want to use two weapons. You do not want an animal companion. Why do you want to play a ranger in 4e? Because you're getting close to the territory of "I want to play a cleric but I don't want to cast any spells". A 4e class isn't about who you are underneath. It's about what you do on the outside - and on the outside you don't want to fight, move, or behave like the 4e ranger class.
This is a purely philosophical difference I have with later-edition D&D (and 3e and Next will probably be dragged into this to).
Classes, as defined in TSR-era D&D, were a profession. You were Bob the cleric or Suzy the wizard. Most classes (at least from 2e on) defined a title that meant something in the world. In Basic, it went further; clerics belonged to an Order (and perhaps a Church) while thieves were assumed to belong to a Guild. If you were a ranger, its because you trained for years to become one; not because you wanted to wear light armor and dual-wield. You took on a class because that class was your life (going back further, BD&D your class could even define your RACE, which is a pretty big step in defining your character). Due to that, it was completely common in-game to call PCs by their profession (aka class).
WotC slowly let that erode in later d20. Free multiclassing into any number of classes deluded the value of the name of each class. A Rog4/Ftr2/Bbn1/GuildThf4/Shadowdancer9 is a build-code, not a profession anyone can understand (You started as a scoundrel, then learned to fight, joined a barbarian tribe, left to join a thieves guild, and then found your calling in a shadowdancer troupe?). Terms like "ranger" or "cleric" or "sorcerer" stopped being professions or titles and started being the name of certain builds, and that weakened the solidarity a class was. Before, you were a class for life, now, you can be any and all classes as long as you have the XP to pay for them.
Its probably a fault of mine that I still view class names as something the character is consciously aware of (I set out to learn to be a ranger and that's why I'm now a ranger). However, it irks me to no end that class titles (and power titles) have no inherent meaning in the fiction. Bob might have "rogue" on his character sheet (to represent his current build mechanic) but he isn't viewed, by himself or others, as having any roguish traits. Its one step above generic.
The whole point of classes is to package things together. You have three options - effectively play point buy (as 3e did), treat the classes as a straightjacket (as AD&D often did) or reflavour when you want to come up with something that's outside the realms of what the designers anticipated (as 4e actively encourages).
An AD&D/3e hybrid would be best. Classes are fairly rigid, but feats allow branching out. A cleric might begin proficient in simple weapons (rigid) but it only costs a feat to learn swords or axes (and there is no bludgeon-only rule). Similarly, a rogue might begin proficient in crossbows, light blades, and simple weapons; but there is no penalty if he spends a feat to learn to use a bow or a longsword (his sneak attack and weapon tricks work fine with them).
4e classes aren't generic. They are packages of behaviours. You want to play a "ranger" that doesn't fit with the behaviours that 4e thinks go with a ranger.
As stated above; they're builds. Archer guy. Commander Guy. Defender Guy. Two-weapon Guy. Finesse Weapon Guy. IF you allow refluffing, all "ranger" means is "I'm using the archer-guy build from PHB1 with the nature guy skillset." You can call it the Stormageddon Build for all "Ranger" means.
What a ranger is has been different in every single edition of D&D. The 1e ranger wasn't the 2e ranger. The 3.0 ranger was a waste of space. The 3.5 ranger was different again. And the 4e ranger is different yet again. So what is a ranger? Someone with light armour, scouting skills, some connection to nature appears to be the only common thread.
The ranger has had different mechanical expressions of the same archetype: A survivalist, man of the wilderness, expert tracker and hunter, and master of the tricks of nature. He's Orion, Jack the Giant Killer, Robin Hood, Aragorn, Drizzt and the Green Arrow. Its a calling; a duty to serve as guardian of the woodlands. He doesn't worship nature, but he respects it and gains its blessing anyway. Animals are calmed in his presence. He can slip through the woods with great stealth. He is a natural tracker and hunter. He understands his chosen foes and can deliver punishing blows to them. He can command wild beasts to aid him. He can even master simple druidic magic. That is a ranger. Two weapon fighting and archery dovetail nicely with it, but he is FAR MORE than an archer or dual-wielder build to be refluffed into swashbucklers, thieves, and fighters.
Assuming this is a fighter we're talking about, you don't have to. You can spend one feat. Is one feat really that high a price? And if that was really part of the paragraph of complaints about the ranger - why does your ranger want to wear plate armour anyway? So he can drown in a peat bog. Forgive me for being unsympathetic.
Why does the ranger want to wear plate? He's defending Helm's Deep from 10,000 orcs?
If it wasn't a big deal, why remove it? What was gained by removing the last armor type from fighters? If it wasn't broke, why fix it?
Which is why they fixed this problem. The thief can use a shortbow. This has been the case for over two years. So that's one complaint that hasn't been true for almost three years and one that's not been true for over two. As for your complaint about sacrificing roguish powers like tumble for rangerish powers like owl's wisdom, there is nothing saying that Owl's Wisdom (which is a Druid power anyway) needs to go anywhere near your character sheet at all. Instead you can sacrifice skirmishy powers like tumble for skirmishy powers like Yield Ground (which lets you shift back when hit in melee). There's no way Yield Ground is incompatable with being a rogue.
Great, it took nearly three years to give my elven rogue back his damn shortbow. More reason why I still think Essentials was WotC pulling its head out of its hiney on class design (giving knights plate is another. Noticed the game didn't break giving the fighter plate?)
What's wrong with the idea of a Paladin being part of a Barbarian tribe? Do barbarian tries not have driven champions of causes? Or do the gods just hate them? The biggest problem I see with it is justifying why the Barbarians have plate armour.
Which was why I called it out. Its always been an option to wear inferior armor than your proficiency allows (esp when armor is expensive) but it seems hard to justify a barbaric paladin coming in with plate armor, training in Diplomacy and History and not survival.
I know! I'll make him a Warden and refluff him and call him a paladin.
Actually that wasn't non-sensical. That was quite explicitely for balance purposes as edged weapons did more damage against large targets, thus giving the fighter a subtle boost precisely when the spells were starting to edge the clerics out. Contra B.T. if you find a non-sensical rule from Gygax it was probably for balance purposes. If it's in 4e it's, more likely than not, fluff.
Um... it was because Christian Knighthoods in the Crusades were forbidden to shed blood and thus stuck to bludgeoning maces and hammers. It was totally a fluff rule that suffers the minute you realize clerics of Thor, Loki, Hades, and Orcus all had the same prohibition against shedding blood as Christian knights...
What you mean is that 3e had a lot of flexibility on straightforward options and spells. Find me the effective non-spellcasting warlord in 3e. Find me The Grey Mouser. Find me the Lazy Warlord. Find me the defender - and no, just being able to put a shield in the way won't cut it. I could go on - but after 4e trying to create a non-caster in 3e feels extremely cramped.
Marshal, though its a bit on the weaksauce. It could've used a revision in power, but the concept is sound. The Grey Mouser was a Fighter/Thief. The Lazy Warlord is sitting on the recliner with the Cheetos and the remote (See? I found him!) The Knight did a great job of being a proto-defender. All those concepts are doable, but if you want 100% conversion of the 4e options back to 3e, I remind you I wanted 100% conversion of my platemailed fighter and elven thief with his bow.
What is a class? And what options were removed from non-casters that were not brought back later? 4e splatbooks all added breadth rather than power. And all the complaints I recall you raising in this post haven't been issues for more than two years. But if we want to talk about options not there, how about going back to AD&D. Taking a human and trying to play an armoured wizard. Or a cleric with edged weapons. The point of a class system is to have styles mixing with classes.
I already answered what a class is. And yes, 4e did a great job of selling us options in supplements we had before in the core books (See: Druids, Metallic Dragons, and dual-wielding fighters). And I'm not going to argue AD&D is less restrictive, but we had advanced beyond that, didn't we? I can build an armored wizard in 3e (a bunch of different ways too!) I could build a cleric with edged weapons. I could rebuild any of my early 2e (or even basic) characters in 3e and get something resembling what they were before (usually with more options to boot). I can't say I could convert my namesake elven thief from 2e over to 4e and keep his signature two weapons (longsword and short bow) and make him playable. It was a stupid oversight that they fixed in 2010, like a lot of problems they fixed when Essentials came out.