You're right on a lot of counts. I want to add though, that despite the increase in energy use, CO2 emissions per capita in the US is about 50% below its peak, which was in the 70s. Its now about the same as in the 1960s and, surprisingly, the 1920s. But that is just a part of the story, and it reflects broad scale improvements in technology more so than changes to individual choices.
With the same CO2 emissions per capita and roughly 100% more people, you end up twice as much CO2 pollution coming from people today than from people in that time period, and this is before we consider other greenhouse gasses.