And you also missed my point. It's not a question of what they can be, or what they were, or what they are, it's not the exceptions, it's the expectations.
We dont kill people based on expectated alignment though, anymore than we do based on the persons actual alignment.
We kill them when they pose a direct and imminent threat, and we are required to do so to protect life in self defence or the defence of others, and no other option reasonably presents itself.
If a LG Paladin stormed into the tavern and attempted to kill me, then using lethal force in response to that threat is no more evil that if a CE Orc did the same.
We dont judge actions based on the alignment (real or percieved) of our victims.
Killing, harming and opressing others = evil. The only time it is morally neutral to do it, is when it is the only option reasonably at hand to prevent the harming, killing and opressing of others, the threat is direct and imminent and you act in proportion to the threat.
If Orcs raid your villiage, you can engage them in open warfare (killing them, raiding their outposts, ambushes, assaults, defensive actions the works) - however at the same time you should be seeking a peacefull solution (peace) to the problem that minimises harm and loss. You should be merciful to POW's, show compassion and kindness, minimise civilian losses etc.
The expectation, as presented in the game, is that goblins and orcs are evil and you are free to kill them.
No its not. That is not the expectation of the game at all. If you dont believe me, open your PHB and look at the illistration of the Paladin.
They are not described as "learning to be evil" they are described as evil. They are vilified. There is never any question that a paladin was going to lose their abilities by killing as many orcs as they could.
Yes there most definately is. A Paladin who slays a defensless Orc for no other reason than he is an Orc, falls.
It is an act of evil.
The longest running introductory adventure, Keep on the Borderlands, says this:
"The Realm of mankind is narrow and constricted. Always the forces of Chaos press upon its borders, seeking to enslave its populace, rape its riches, and steal its treasures. If it were not for a stout few, many in the Realm would indeed fall prey to the evil which surrounds them. Yet, there are always certain exceptional and brave members of humanity, as well as similar individuals among its allies - dwarves, elves, and halflings - who rise above the common level and join battle to stave off the darkness which would otherwise overwhelm the land. Bold adventurers from the Realm set off for the Borderlands to seek their fortune. It is these adventurers who, provided they survive the challenge, carry the battle to the enemy. "
The adventure is to the Caves of Chaos, which are inhabited by kobolds, goblins, hobgoblins, bugbears, orcs, ogres, and others.
The current introductory adventure also starts with a goblin ambush, and then clearing out the goblin lair. While there is a sidebar on what the goblins know if you capture or charm one, but there is no consideration whatsoever for negotiating a truce or peace with the goblins, or what to do if the PCs want to try that tact.
Exactly. The adventure frames the scenario as a war, with the 'forces of Chaos' attacking the PCs homeland ('the realm of mankind'), and the PCs as fighting a defensive battle against the evil forces of chaos that live outside the keep.
Like I said earlier, a soldier acting in collective self defence against a foreign invader is not evil, any more than a police officer is for shooting an armed bank robber, or the French Resistance were evil for fighting back against the Nazis.
You dont have to sit and wait for the raid to come. If offensive operations against the invader (ambushing them on the way, an assault against HQ, a raid on their camp or whatever) is likely to minimise innoent casualties and losses and provide a decisive blow against your enemies then go for it.
If the Orcs were just minding their own buisiness, had a peace treaty with the local humans, were just trading with the local Goblins and not being a problem to anyone, then riding into their camp and slaughtering them is evil.