If you just want to graft a randomness/miscast system onto B/X, one nice simple one is:
Each time you cast a spell, roll a d20. On a 1*, roll on a miscast/wild magic chart.** Otherwise the spell works as normal.
AFTER you have used a given spell from memory, you may push your luck and try to cast it again. Roll a d20 + your bonus from your Prime Requisite ability score, against a target of 10 + the spell level. If you succeed, you may cast the spell again. If you fail, you must roll on the miscast chart, and you may not attempt that spell again until you have a good night's rest.
If you do this one, I recommend disallowing the memorization of the same spell multiple times.
*Optionally, if you want it more risky, make it on any roll of the spell level or less.
**(I ran a 3 year campaign of 5 Torches Deep and its simple d20 miscast chart wasn't enough for me- instead I had the players roll a d4 every time there was a miscast. On a 1 they rolled on the d20 chart from 5TD. On a 2 they rolled on the big percentile chart from Low Fantasy Gaming. On a 3 they rolled on the 2E Wild Magic chart from Tome of Magic. On a 4 they rolled on the 5E Wild Magic chart)