the_redbeard
Explorer
The reading I am making flows from taking the first line of the Stealth block on PHB188 as the most important reference wording for the intent of stealth use. As the_redbeard points out, I'm not then allowing other pieces of RAW to intrude on that intent unless they contain instructive wording connecting them to the process, e.g. do this, this means, then go to, etc. Language contained in the Stealth block itself I read as instructive; and the same for jargon definitions that must unavoidably be referred to.
I'm doing this because I believe Stealth needs to either apply just to the action it is part of, or to create a condition under which actions occur, but not both. Trying to do both is a major source of contention and confusion, as well as creating contradictory readings of RAW.
You can say that, and with some justice, but take a look how an opposed check is defined in RAW (PHB25). 'Occasionally you make a check that is compared against someone else's check result. Doing this is called making an opposed check.' The context sets that in contrast to checks against static defences. My error with this ruling is to suggest it uses free actions. RAW doesn't tell you it should cost your enemies any action.
the_redbeard can you look at this too please; check PHB25? You've outlined some suggestive wording, but nothing at all that unambiguously reads 'this opposed check uses passive Perception'.
Specific overrules general.
While generally in an opposed check both sides get a roll, in the case of a stealther attempting to hide/escape notice from a perceiver, the specific rules for the perception skill apply: you need an action (either standard or minor depending on situation, page 186 and 281) to make an active check. Page 186 is clear to me that you use the passive check.
"Perception: No action required—either you notice
something or you don’t. Your DM usually uses your
passive Perception check result. If you want to use the
skill actively, you need to take a standard action"
Seems clear to me that: an active check requires a standard action.
However in the specific case of seeking a stealther, the rules on 281 are more specific to the situation and apply: minor action.
The first line of the Stealth rules block reads 'part of whatever action you are trying to perform stealthily'. I cannot find wording less ambiguous than that telling you that your hidden condition extends past that action.
The second line of the Success block does introduce confusion and I'm not saying it doesn't admit of another reading.
If stealth only lasted for your action, it would never have an effect on an opponent's attack. But we know from the FAQ otherwise: stealth success for a hide (ie, hidden) means you can't be seen (which should just be plain English) and requires attacks to use the Targeting What You Can't See rules.
Stealth must be able to create a condition (can't be seen) that lasts beyond your turn.