I think one of the fundamental issues that D&D has had is that it vaguely tries to have it both ways in whether it is a generic fantasy game or a specific setting (the vague implied setting, well outside of questions like 'is FR the default setting or not?'). At peoples' individual tables, there can be the evil Empire (complete with faceless StormTempest Troopers), FireMagma Nation, or Prince HumperdinckFlumperdinck, and you can set up a situation where your opposition (who very well may be orcs or gnolls are weredireflumpfs or whatever) are evil because of what they do. D&D, by continuing to not speak to a setting, sets up the implication that it believes in inherent good or evil without action, much less inherently among species. Honestly, that's a take on the matter and 1e and 3e spent a lot of time focused on alignments as literal in-universe forces which was interesting for a once through read, but honestly neither what I'd want as far as deep moral philosophy or as a continuous gaming framework.