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Source for the AD&D Lich?

Raven Crowking

First Post
Having discussed Gardner F. Fox's Thief of Llarn with Gary Gygax, I was informed that Gardner Fox was both admired, and considered a personal friend, by Gary Gygax. I recently had the opportunity of reading Kothar – Barbarian Swordsman by Gardner F. Fox (1970).

Here are some excerpts:

The corpse turned its head so that it could look at Kothar out of its empty eye-sockets. The barbarian felt the touch of eyes, even though there were no eyes to see or be seen. He stiffened, his flesh crawled, his long fingers took a firmer grip on his sword-hilt.

Even as he stared, the lich sat up.

----------------------

Kothar lay frozen motionless on the dirt. He was alive and possessed of all his senses but that of movement. He could not so much as flick a finger.

----------------------

A hollow voice murmured, “Call not on Eldrak of the Seven Hells. He listens not to carrion such as you. He is my friend, as are all the ancient gods.” There was an illusion of vast distance behind the voice of the cadaver that stood on rotting feet and showing the whiteness of bones protruding through its burial garments.

A mercenary screamed and would have run, except that the dead thing held him as he held the giant Kothar flat upon the ground. Terrifying laughter lifted into its throat as it began to glow with inner green fire.

The eerie radiance became brighter, and as it pulsed throughout the ancient grave, Kothar felt energy flow into his body. His wounds closed over, his blood caked and hardened, and anger rose into his brain like a madness. He stirred, he moved his hand, he rose upward.

On his feet he looked at the dead thing without fear, though with revulsion. It gleamed with verdant brightness, illuminating the death chamber and the mercenaries in their mail shirts and metal helmets, with swords naked in their hands.

“Slay them,” the lich said, and Kothar leapt.

-------------------------------

Kothar scowled. Afgorkon? Surely he had heard Queen Elfa speak of Afgorkon who had been a mighty magician fifty thousand years ago. He tried to think, but could not, being held in thrall by the black, empty eye-holes of the dead thing standing before him, bent and brown and old.

---------------------------------

“Frostfire was forged in the primal ooze by devils summoned up by me five hundred centuries before. It was wrought of a metal fallen from the skies, it was dipped in the molten middle of the world, it was cooled in the snows of a mountain so high nothing but a sylph – a winged spirit of the air could take it there. It can pierce any armor, any helm. It can be carried only by a man who has no other wealth.”

----------------------------------

“Stand,” growled Afgorkin, and Kothar went rigid.

-----------------------------------


Are we looking at Hold Person, curative magic, Command, the AD&D lich, and the AD&D sylph? Notice also the mention of the Seven Hells, the idea of a sword forged of star metal, etc.


RC
 

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Yup, Gardner's story is generally considered the original template for the D&D lich. (Although I suggest that the second excerpt represents the lich's paralyzing touch, not a hold person spell.)
 

Notice also the mention of the Seven Hells, the idea of a sword forged of star metal, etc.

Well, for quite a while in human history, the only ready source of iron was fallen meteorites. Forging a weapon of it certainly didn't originate with that author. Many an author, past and present, has suggested that the legend of Excalibur might has started with such a weapon.

And the Seven Hells (and Seven Heavens) come right out of Babylonian mythology.

So, maybe Gary got those references from this author, but there's ready explanation for him having them otherwise.
 



It's early Anglo-Saxon for corpse and is often shown as lych. There were lichgates and lichways all over Anglo-Saxon 'England'. Quite a few survive now. The body went through a ritual procession, including the ringing of a lich bell, giving right of way to the procession, and passing through the enterance to the churchyard gate (become lichgate) on the way to the burial. Corpse stoped under the lichgate for shelter while the priiest 'welcomed' it into the churchyard.

I'm guessing the D&D originator was on to this given the bit about lichs being formed through rituals.

Lich owls are still seen as bad omens and wakes seem to be derived from lich wakes when the shrouded body was watched overnight.
 

Well, for quite a while in human history, the only ready source of iron was fallen meteorites.
Unless, of course, you lived in Lapland. (Shallow pit mining to reach ore so pure that it had become magnetite.)

I want to say that Poul Anderson beat Gardner to Star Metal, and I am pretty darned certain that Clark Ashton Smith beat him to lich.... I wish my Smith's weren't in storage, so I could look it up, but I am pretty sure we are looking at the 1930s or so.

Whether E.G.G. read Clark Ashton Smith... is another matter - it is possible that Gygax borrowed from Gardner who borrowed from Smith, but that way lies madness.

The Auld Grump
 

It's early Anglo-Saxon for corpse and is often shown as lych.
Lich, Liche, Lyche, and Lyke (this last is Yorkshire spelling) are all spellings that have occurred for the word. And of course the Lyke-Wake Dirge....
THIS ae nighte, this ae nighte,
—Refrain: Every nighte and alle,
Fire and fleet and candle-lighte,
—Refrain: And Christe receive thy saule.

When thou from hence away art past
To Whinny-muir thou com'st at last

If ever thou gavest hosen and shoon,
Sit thee down and put them on;

If hosen and shoon thou ne'er gav'st nane
The whinnes sall prick thee to the bare bane.

From Whinny-muir when thou may'st pass,
To Brig o' Dread thou com'st at last;

From Brig o' Dread when thou may'st pass,
To Purgatory fire thou com'st at last;

If ever thou gavest meat or drink,
The fire sall never make thee shrink;

If meat or drink thou ne'er gav'st nane,
The fire will burn thee to the bare bane;

This ae nighte, this ae nighte,
—Every nighte and alle,
Fire and sleet and candle-lighte,
—And Christe receive thy saule.

The Auld Grump
*EDIT* The 'f' in 'fleet' is properly a 'long s' rather than an 'f'.
 



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