I understand what it means in D&D terms. I'm saying I don't like those terms because they give rise to arguments like this. You can't be damaged on a miss, everyone says; but a miss in D&D can mean that you were still hit (in the English definition, not the D&D definition) by an attack. It is therefore narratively appropriate that you can still take damage.
IOW, there is no cognitive dissonance in "damage on a miss" if we take the D&D definition of "miss".
I don't think there used to be significant disputes about whether a hit or a miss did damage - at least not until mechanics like this came along that redefined missing as hitting but just a little less hitty.
The "hit" and "miss" paradigm is rife with incoherency and I'm certain everyone knows this. If you throw in the implication rider of "hit <such that you roll damage + modifiers>" or "miss <such that you do not roll damage + modifiers but may deploy any effects that apply on a miss>" then the fiction makes sense.
Otherwise, if a miss is a miss is a miss is a miss then every single attack against the high AC, gigantic, notoriously lumbering, dex-deficient tarrasque renders the fiction utterly incoherent as its morphed into a swashbuckling mythical monster deftly sidestepping a blow in the same way that Errol Flynn might do. A miss on these giant, slow, heavily armored creatures means the same thing as a miss against an Air Elemental. If anything is at tension, it is that binary interpretation of the D&D hit/miss paradigm.
There are dozens of these examples. Glancing blows occur all over the place in real life. Collateral damage occurs all over the place in real life. You intend a takedown but in the fog of the melee your head smashes into their nose.
If you have to have HP as meat, then damage on a miss might be a lucern hammer "hitting" the plate mail (which absorbs much of the blow, thus denying standard damage resolution) and the pierced edge poking through enough to abrade the flesh and the force of the impact still being absorbed by the soft tissue as the plate mail doesn't cause the kinetic energy to fully dissipate (Str damage). Or any number of renderings such as the one I outlined above where the Great White Shark "missing" the bite attack on the fur seal but his size, ferocity, and velocity causing "damage on a miss" as his girth barrels into the seal at 25 MPH despite missing the bite attack. Etc, etc. I'm pretty sure the fur seal doesn't agree with the Great White Shark that it was a "miss!"
The hit and miss paradigm isn't really rife with incoherency. If you hit - you roll damage. If you miss, you don't.
Once you've got that single important element determined on an attack, you have tons of narrative space to determine why and how you damaged the target or why and how you failed to do so. And yes, a miss on a giant, heavily armored creature means exactly the same thing, from a game mechanic standpoint, as a miss against an air elemental - you failed to ablate any of its hit points.
Why? It only means you don't use the standard effect of hitting (your standard roll for damage). There's nothing preventing the application of effects that modify the outcome of a failed attack roll from "nothing" to something - for good or for ill.
But, with this particular mechanic (doing damage on any miss), "nothing" vanishes from the narrative space. Personally, I consider that an ill rather than a good. If the mechanic found some other way to extend the range of a successful hit or a second chance for achieving the hit, I'd find the idea more acceptable. The effective redefinition of miss into hit is what I bristle at.
Gygax never explained what the ratio is so what you have posted is irrelevant. (...)
But, with this particular mechanic (doing damage on any miss), "nothing" vanishes from the narrative space. Personally, I consider that an ill rather than a good. If the mechanic found some other way to extend the range of a successful hit or a second chance for achieving the hit, I'd find the idea more acceptable. The effective redefinition of miss into hit is what I bristle at.