because of the concentration mechanic, the save every round mechanic and the shorter duration of spells in general
Charm Person doesn't have either concentration OR every round save mechanic. Neither does Mass Suggestion.
Keep him at 10th level, give him a staff of charming and watch him charm more than enough people all day long. Give him 1 more level with Mass Suggestion which is not concentration, affects up to 12 targets, and lasts 24 hours.
Since he keeps the Mass Suggestion up each day, he is effectively no different at 11th than he was at 10th. Literally, the only difference in a 10th level 5e wizard and an 11th level 5e wizard is 1 6th level spell slot, and 2 6th level spells in their spellbook.
Charm them, ask them as friends (and lie through your teeth) to so kindly to let you cast another spell on them that will "help them". Then mass suggestion: "stay here and defend this place and me from any intruders".
All it takes to set the adventure up is to assume that he's managed to get these people to fail the appropriate saves.
You can, as the DM, say that it worked and this is the situation that the PC's find when they arrive, that these adventurer's and monsters are all charmed. Mechanically it works, you just have to say it's the scenario.
If you're worried about the PC's getting their hands on a Staff of Charming, you can say in his madness and desperation at their approach he used the final charge, rolled a 1 and the staff became nonmagical. When they search his corpse, he's got an unremarkable, nonmagical staff on his person.