When I saw the title for this thread, I thought you meant Romantic (movement) angst. Although that isn't what you had in mind, there are some sources that you might consider for plots.
Frankensteinian angst: a veddy veddy Romantic novel. Protagonist creates creature, rejects creature. Creature destroys protagonist's fiance. Protagonist dedicates life to destroying creature. (it's actually a bit more complicated, but there's a good RPG situation in that there formula).
Byronic angst: solitary figure has deep, dark, unrequited love (such as love for sister) which manifests itself in continual fruitless quests, dark descents into forbidden knowledge or magic, or cruelty to the innocent. Make the players either be this person or be this NPC's object of obsession. (rec. reading: "Manfred," Byron's biography)
Dickensian angst: protagonist must choose between two potential loves (one lowborn, one highborn). The act of doing what it takes to achieve one alienates both. Have a small child die to boot. (Tale of Two Cities (better yet, read a plot summary of it); Great Expectations, others).
Keatsian angst: Protagonist is talented, in love, and dying of a terminal disease. Complications follow.
Don't forget that revolution is a very romantic setting. The key to plotting it romantically is to have love interests on both sides, and have the protagonist in a position where love and politics can't be reconciled. In short, any no-win situation that allows for exalted feelings can potentially be angst-ridden and romantic.