And not just transporters. You'd have Scotty say something like, "If I just hook up the phase translocater to the warp coils while playing solitaire, I think we can hit warp 45." And then he succeeds, yet nobody keeps the upgrades or puts them on future ships.
They've done that sort of thing with energy output, speed, transporters, sensors, weapons and more. If Star Fleet scientists actually followed up on any of this, ships would have been 5x more powerful than Picard's Enterprise decades earlier.