If you want to do detailed armor, I think Pathfinder 2 does it pretty well. Each suit of armor has a few relevant stats:
Category: Unarmored, Light, Medium, Heavy. Primarily for proficiency purposes.
AC bonus: The bonus you get to AC for having that type of armor.
Dex Cap: The maximum bonus you get to AC from your Dexterity when wearing that type of armor. Notably, for light and medium armors AC bonus and Dex Cap almost always sum to +5, and for heavy armor +6.
Check penalty: A penalty to Strength- and Dexterity-based checks other than attack rolls. Almost always -1 for light armor, -2 for medium, and -3 for heavy.
Speed penalty: How much slower you move in that armor.
Strength: How much Strength you need to both negate the check penalty and reduce the Speed penalty by 5 ft. There is a strong inverse correlation with the Dex Cap: with a few exceptions they are +4/10, +3/12, +2/14, +1/16, and +0/18.
The effect is that most combat-focused characters will have similar AC, with heavy armor wearers having a 1-point advantage. It also means that medium and heavy armor primarily have an offensive function: they mean you can put points in Strength rather than Dexterity and still maintain a good AC. Chain mail with Dex 12 and Str 16 will get you the same AC as leather with Dex 18 and Str 10. PF2 is also much stingier with giving out Dexterity to damage: basically the only way is to have a particular Rogue sub-class. So if you want to hit hard and don't have class abilities like Sneak Attack you need a good Strength, which means you won't have as many points available for Dexterity, which means you want medium or heavy armor.