Hussar
Legend
That will be challenging for any advance space faring race to do, but there's a indication (could be wrong), but they knew this was happening in advance.
And yes, the Federation is advance with great diversity of science from it members worlds, but as it was shown also, it looks like that the Romulans were very advanced in the tech themselves and kept a lot of it, hidden.
So...who was greater, the Federation under a two hundred years plus of birth, or a Empire, who was around for a few thousand years?
This has ALWAYS been the problem with Star Trek. You have all these different races that have been space faring for centuries, if not millennia before the humans get out there, and, yet, in a very short span of time, not only have the humans caught up with everyone, they've flat out surpassed most of them. It doesn't stand up to a moment of scrutiny and it's one of those things you just have to completely ignore in the show.
Think about it. The Klingons had centuries of empire building - hundreds of worlds, lots of resources, yet, within a century of hitting interstellar flight, the humans cobble together a federation totally capable of kicking the Klingon's butt.
Without delving too deeply into the colonialism inherent in the show, it's far, far easier just to let it slide.